空军医疗服务
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空军医疗服务部门（美)组织机构
空军医疗服务队平台的作用
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空军医疗服务队平台的作用
* **加强空军使命** 空军医疗服务队是美国空军强大的作战组成部分，每天协助完成飞行、战斗和胜利的任务。AFMS 通过支持日常行动（无论发生在何处）、维持一支随时待命的医疗部队以及为飞行员、监护人及其家人提供高质量、安全的医疗保健，为空军的更大使命做出贡献。美国空军的能力需求量很大，并且每天都在不断发展。AFMS 将继续进行调整，为完成任务提供必要的医疗支持。 * **运营整合** AFMS 已集成到战场内外的救生位置。AFMS 负责将医疗支持扩展到具有特殊性能要求或运行健康问题的任务的运行环境中。为了实现这一目标，AFMS 将比以往更先进的护理技术引入操作环境。这些救生技术和技巧需要具有复杂能力的团队的使用和协调。AFMS 使这些团队保持最新状态并能够立即部署。 * **美国本土支持** 美国空军每天都在我国境内的军事设施中开展行动。涉及使用遥控飞机、情报运营中心、核威慑和全球机动性的任务都是在国内领土上执行的。由于这些关键任务，空军管理系统保持对作战支持的关注至关重要。 * **先进技术和工艺** 在过去的十五年里，AFMS 与陆军、海军和海军陆战队合作创建了联合创伤系统。在此期间，联合创伤系统为伊拉克、阿富汗、北非和中东其他地区的战斗局势中的军人提供服务。通过合作，联合创伤系统开发了新的战场创伤实践，用于拯救生命。其中许多进步已在国际上得到采用，并继续推动世界各地创伤医学的艺术和科学发展。 AFMS 继续鼓励和挑战人员进行创新，并将医疗中心的最佳实践整合到野战医院和航空医疗后送期间飞机的操作环境中。 * 平台 + [AFMS 能力：重症监护航空运输团队](http://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/Platforms/AFMS-Capability-Critical-Care-Air-Transport-Team/) + [稳定且准备就绪：C-130 医疗后送中流砥柱](http://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/Platforms/Steady-and-ready-C-130-mainstay-of-medevac/) + [C-17 GLOBEMASTER III：一架与 AE 机组人员一样多才多艺的飞机](http://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/Platforms/C-17-Globemaster-III-An-aircraft-as-versatile-as-AE-crews/) + [美国空军防空司令部和空中后送学院](http://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/Platforms/USAFSAM-and-the-School-of-Air-Evacuation/)  **加强空军使命** 空军医疗服务队是美国空军强大的作战组成部分，每天协助完成飞行、战斗和胜利的任务。AFMS 通过支持日常行动（无论发生在何处）、维持一支随时待命的医疗部队以及为飞行员、监护人及其家人提供高质量、安全的医疗保健，为空军的更大使命做出贡献。美国空军的能力需求量很大，并且每天都在不断发展。AFMS 将继续进行调整，为完成任务提供必要的医疗支持。 **可操作整合** AFMS 已集成到战场内外的救生位置。AFMS 负责将医疗支持扩展到具有特殊性能要求或运行健康问题的任务的运行环境中。为了实现这一目标，AFMS 将比以往更先进的护理技术引入操作环境。这些救生技术和技巧需要具有复杂能力的团队的使用和协调。AFMS 使这些团队保持最新状态并能够立即部署。 **美国本土支持** 美国空军每天都在我国境内的军事设施中开展行动。涉及使用遥控飞机、情报运营中心、核威慑和全球机动性的任务都是在国内领土上执行的。由于这些关键任务，空军管理系统保持对作战支持的关注至关重要。 **先进技术和工艺** 在过去的十五年里，AFMS 与陆军、海军和海军陆战队合作创建了联合创伤系统。在此期间，联合创伤系统为伊拉克、阿富汗、北非和中东其他地区的战斗局势中的军人提供服务。通过合作，联合创伤系统开发了新的战场创伤实践，用于拯救生命。其中许多进步已在国际上得到采用，并继续推动世界各地创伤医学的艺术和科学发展。 AFMS 继续鼓励和挑战人员进行创新，并将医疗中心的最佳实践整合到野战医院和航空医疗后送期间飞机的操作环境中。 [AFMS 能力：重症监护航空运输团队](http://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/Platforms/AFMS-Capability-Critical-Care-Air-Transport-Team/)  **当美国军人病危或重伤时，重症监护航空运输小组的任务就是将他们送上飞机，将他们转移到数千英里之外，同时在飞行中提供高水平的医疗护理，让他们全职回家关心。** **CCATT 是一支高度专业化且技能独特的三人医疗团队，可增加标准航空医疗后送机组人员的数量，并将飞机转变为飞行重症监护室。** * **专门从事重症监护或急诊医学领域的医生** * **重症监护护士** * **呼吸治疗师** **当危重病人或受伤患者在前往医疗机构的途中需要持续监测、稳定或复杂护理时（通常是为了获得更高水平的医疗护理），CCATT 可以作为标准航空医疗后送机组人员的补充。** **在越南战争期间，伤员通常需要大约一个月的时间才能到达美国的治疗设施。如今，美国空军的 CCATT 能力可以让军人在不到三天的时间内从受伤地点转移到美国本土医院。** [**空中机动司令部**](https://www.amc.af.mil/)**负责 CCATT 任务。**  * CCATT 成员在治疗患有多系统创伤、头部受伤、休克、烧伤、呼吸衰竭、多器官衰竭和其他危及生命的并发症的危重或受伤患者方面拥有丰富的经验。 * CCATT 成员在飞行中使用的一些最常见的程序和药物包括抗血栓药物、止痛药以及提供氧气和通气。 * 标准 CCATT 的典型患者负荷为最多三名重症患者，或最多六名病情稳定的患者。 飞行中的飞机并不是提供护理的理想环境。CCATT 机组人员学习如何在资源和支持有限的情况下在飞机上治疗患者，这与人员配备齐全、物资充足的医院截然不同。 * CCAT 团队适应飞行中的挑战，例如可能使设备移动的湍流，以及可能影响伤口和绷带的温度和气压的变化。 * CCAT 团队会根据空间限制进行调整，因为团队和患者与其他乘客或货物共享空间。 * CCAT 团队仅限于执行任务时携带的资源和设备，并且无法获得支持服务，例如他们在治疗设施中习惯使用的血库和实验室。 * CCAT 团队克服了沟通挑战，因为大多数军用飞机声音很大且光线较少，这使得监控患者和机组人员以及与患者和机组人员交谈变得更加困难。 [**CCATT 培训从第 711 人类表现联队**](https://www.afrl.af.mil/711HPW/)开始，通过创伤和准备技能维持中心计划在[**辛辛那提大学医学中心进行高级培训，该计划允许成员根据这些环境调整他们的重症监护技能。**](https://www.uchealth.com/education/c-stars/) “我很自豪能够帮助照顾那些在工作中做出牺牲的人。做这项工作是一项挑战，因为我们不仅要照顾病情最严重的病人，而且我们是在飞机后部的狭小空间里进行工作，充满振动和噪音，这使得护理变得更加困难。”**– 美国空军少校 Deann Hoelscher，CCATT 医师** 一名20岁的美国陆军士兵在阿富汗因路边炸弹严重受伤——全身70%被严重烧伤，并失去了一条腿。 美国空军伞降救援队将他从受伤地点空运到最近的阿富汗前沿作战基地，立即接受医疗救治。他的回美国之旅依赖于CCATT，他的生活也依赖于CCATT。 虽然仍处于危急状态，CCATT 与他一起飞往巴格拉姆空军基地的阿富汗战区医院，大约 19 小时后，他将躺在德国兰施图尔地区医疗中心的病床上，这是最近的受伤战士治疗中心来自阿富汗。随后，CCATT 为他准备跨大西洋飞行，同时监督他的护理，直至他在受伤后不到 72 小时内抵达圣安东尼奥军事医疗中心。 “CCATT 是空中重症监护，正如其名称所示。在飞机的后部，团队接受了培训，并配备了充当重症监护室的技能和设备。” **– 美国空军上尉 Jason Frias，CCATT 重症监护护士** 为了扩大美国空军的航空医疗重症监护运输能力，CCATT 的概念是由退役少将 PK Carlton 和退役上校于 20 世纪 90 年代初在德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥联合基地第 59 医疗联队提出的[**。**](https://www.59mdw.af.mil/)克里斯·法默. 卡尔顿和法默创建了第一个书面的运营概念、配额表和行动计划，以将 CCATT 计划正式化。 第59局于1994年启动了CCATT概念验证。它还创建了CCATT试点小组，负责为CCAT团队的培训、装备和使用提出建议。[**到 1995 年，密西西比州基斯勒空军基地**](https://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/MTF/Keesler/)第 59 医疗联队和第 81 医疗大队的 CCATT已开始部署以支持海外应急行动。1996 年完成为期两年的概念验证后，CCATT 被正式批准并纳入美国空军航空医疗后送系统。 自成立以来，CCATT 参与了众多行动：维护民主行动、联合奋进行动、持久自由和伊拉克自由行动等。 认识到 CCATT 在航空医疗后送任务中的作用日益增强，空军军医长于 2018 年宣布，美国空军将增强 CCATT 的能力，以满足作战人员的需求。为了提高我们的 CCATT 能力，AFMS 简化了现有的 CCATT 课程和资源，要求 CCATT 考生快速连续学习课程。通过背靠背的课程，考生可以专注于练习飞行环境所需的技能。随着空军调整兵力以应对未来未知的对手，CCATT 能力可能会变得越来越重要。 “CCATT 使我们的下游医疗足迹变得更小、更远。过去，一名重伤患者需要数周时间才能返回美国接受治疗。现在我们可以在 72 小时内让来自伊拉克或阿富汗的病人回家。” **– 美国空军中校艾伦·古尔克 (Alan Guhlke)，空军军医长 CCATT 顾问，美国空军航空航天医学院途中护理培训部副主任** [稳定且准备就绪：C-130 医疗后送中流砥柱](http://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/Platforms/Steady-and-ready-C-130-mainstay-of-medevac/)  **自 20 世纪 60 年代以来，C-130 Hercules 一直是美国空军航空医疗后送能力的主力。如今，它仍然是长距离运送患者的可靠平台，使飞行员和监护人能够在空中提供重症监护、援助救灾任务以及将战士带回家。** **C-130 于 1956 年首次投入使用，是一款多功能飞机，非常适合执行航空医疗后送任务。它坚固耐用，足够可靠，适合在战区进行广泛的作战，能够在较短且未改进的跑道上运行。这有助于将医疗能力推近前线。C-130 的设计使飞机能够快速从货物和人员运输配置切换为最多可容纳 74 名担架患者的航空医疗后送平台。C-130 的客舱设计配备了用于航空医疗后送设备的电气和氧气系统，有助于减少海拔高度对患者的负面影响。** **目前，C-130 被用作战术战区内航空医疗后送平台，是当今航空医疗后送系统的支柱。** “人们不知道 C-130 上可以容纳多少患者。航空医疗后送人员必须找到以创造性且安全的方式提供患者护理的方法。这需要大量的计划和团队合作。”**– 美国空军上尉杰西卡·米德，美国空军航空航天医学院** ### 能力       “我认为，执行任务、前沿部署、打好仗的人们可以更轻松地完成他们的工作，他们的领导层可以充满信心地做出决定，因为他们知道如果发生什么事情，会有航空医疗后送来接他们并带他们去平安到家。” **– 美国空军上尉 Aline Putnam 第 379 航空医疗后送中队飞行护士** ### 航空医疗后送任务        [C-17 GLOBEMASTER III：一架与 AE 机组人员一样多才多艺的飞机](http://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/Platforms/C-17-Globemaster-III-An-aircraft-as-versatile-as-AE-crews/)  **更大、更快、更灵活——飞行 ICU。自 1993 年加入美国空军机队以来，C-17 Globemaster III 显着增强了航空医疗后送能力。** **除了运输和其他众多任务之外，C-17 还可改装为在各种条件下为患者提供航空医疗后送服务。该飞机在各种突发事件中发挥了关键作用，为战士提供更高水平的护理，将患者带回美国，并协助人道主义努力拯救受自然灾害影响的人们的生命。** **这些照片和故事展示了 C-17 的功能，并重点介绍了使用这些功能的一些重要任务。** “C-17 提供无与伦比的任务和机组人员支持，使医务人员不仅能够为我们国家的受伤战士提供无与伦比的航空医疗后送服务，而且能够在全球范围内运送危重病人、病患和伤员。” **– 美国空军少校 Catherine Ortega，第 43 航空医疗后送中队，北卡罗来纳州 Pope Field** ### 能力      “C-17 是能力最强的航空医疗后送飞机之一。它为我们的 AE 战斗和使命带来了轻松、舒适和准备。” **– 美国空军上尉 Lauren Kalani，第 18 航空医疗后送中队临床质量部门** ### 病人运输         “通过实现快速后送，时间和距离的限制被最小化，并且有了温暖、明亮的货舱，我们可以专注于照顾我们的战友。” **– 美国空军少校 Catherine Ortega，第 43 航空医疗后送中队，北卡罗来纳州 Pope Field** ### 应急支持    “为有需要的人提供支持和帮助是令人鼓舞和有益的。这表明，拥有空中力量并不总是意味着投入战斗，而且我们有能力为这么多人提供救援和安慰。” **– 美国空军少校 Steven Radaker，第 18 航空医疗后送中队分队指挥官** ### 人道主义支持    [美国空军防空司令部和空中后送学院](http://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/Platforms/USAFSAM-and-the-School-of-Air-Evacuation/) **美国空军**[**航空航天医学院**](https://www.afrl.af.mil/711HPW/USAFSAM/)**和空中后送学院一直是重要的战备平台，帮助飞行员和监护人做好准备，以满足并超越我们作战指挥官的需求和不断变化的战备要求。** **由于航空航天医学的不断进步以及接受过提供这种护理培训的飞行员和监护人的奉献精神，从困难和严峻的环境到更高水平的护理，为军人提供护理成为可能。** **自成立以来，美国空军空中支援中心一直是领先的训练平台，确保医疗力量随时准备就绪，提高途中护理能力，并彻底改变战地医学。** **在以下文章中了解学校对空军医学的贡献。** ### 历史 #### “空中后送学院”庆祝成立75周年 美国空军航空航天医学院庆祝空中后送学院成立 75 周年，该学院隶属于空军研究实验室第 711 人体表现联队。[**了解更多**](https://www.wpafb.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/1594002/school-of-air-evacuation-celebrates-75th-anniversary/)。 #### 首次飞行外科医生学校成立 100 周年 1918 年 5 月 8 日，美国陆军航空兵分部西奥多·莱斯特上校在纽约黑泽尔赫斯特机场医学研究实验室为飞行外科医生开设了首个课程。[**了解更多**](https://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/News/Display/Article/1514942/this-month-in-afms-history-100th-anniversary-of-first-flight-surgeon-school/)。 #### 航空医疗后送能力的发展有助于部署的医疗物资起飞 自第二次世界大战以来，空军的航空医疗后送系统一直是后送和运输战时伤员的主要手段。[**了解更多**](https://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/News/Display/Article/1466825/the-evolution-of-aeromedical-evacuation-capabilities-help-deployed-medicine-tak/)。 #### “医疗后送凯迪拉克”：C9A 在航空医疗后送系统上的持久印记 C-9A 于 1968 年 8 月首次亮相，是美国空军第一架专门设计的航空医疗后送飞机。[**了解更多**](https://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/News/Display/Article/1459865/the-cadillac-of-medevac-the-c9as-lasting-mark-on-the-aeromedical-evacuation-sys/)。 #### 2018 年 2 月是美国空军飞行护士首次正式毕业 75 周年 七十五年前的 1943 年 2 月 18 日，空中后送学院举行了第一届正式的飞行护士毕业典礼。[**了解更多**](https://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/News/Display/Article/1434381/this-month-in-afms-history-february-2018-marks-75th-anniversary-of-the-first-fo/)。 ### 训练 #### 空军医疗专业人员在 AFRL 模拟器中学习手艺 美国空军航空航天医学院是第 711 人类表演联队的两个任务单位之一，目前拥有总共八台具有各种功能的飞机模拟器，帮助医务人员为航空医疗后送 (AE) 任务做好准备。[**了解更多**](https://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/News/Display/Article/3026322/air-force-medical-professionals-learn-craft-in-afrl-simulators/)。 #### 为了培训医务人员拯救生命，机身前往 WPAFB 一架波音 767 的机身从俄亥俄州威尔明顿的威尔明顿航空公园交付给第 711 人类表演联队的美国空军航空航天医学院。[**了解更多**](https://www.afrl.af.mil/News/Article/2521562/to-train-medics-to-save-lives-fuselage-travels-to-wpafb/)。 #### USAFSAM 继续培训医学生，同时帮助他们保持安全 2019 年新型冠状病毒（简称 COVID-19）展现了在全球范围内传播的能力。空军部做出了适当反应，以保护部队的健康并保持作战准备状态。[**了解更多**](https://www.afrl.af.mil/News/Article/2328989/usafsam-continues-to-train-medical-students-while-helping-them-stay-safe/)。 #### 带他们回家：USAFSAM 培训团队治疗和运送 COVID-19 患者 美国空军航空航天医学院的医疗专业人员对医务人员进行了如何使用运输隔离系统转移受 COVID-19 影响的患者的培训。[**了解更多**](https://www.afrl.af.mil/News/Article/2329000/bring-them-home-usafsam-trains-teams-to-treat-transport-covid-19-patients/)。 #### 空军加强飞行重症监护小组 当美军需要空运重伤患者时，就会求助于空军重症监护航空运输队。空军正在增强 CCATT 能力以满足作战人员的需求。[**了解更多**](https://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/News/Display/Article/1506500/air-force-ramps-up-flying-icu-teams/)。 #### 空中护理：团队在充满挑战的环境中提供患者护理 飞机后部是提供医疗服务的一个具有挑战性的地方。对于空军医疗人员来说，在空中救治病人只是工作的一部分。[**了解更多**](https://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/News/Display/Article/1479120/care-in-the-air-teams-deliver-patient-care-in-challenging-environments/)。 #### 空中护理：USAFSAM 的飞行护士和航空医疗后送技术员课程立足于现实 2018 年 1 月 29 日，一架配置用于航空医疗后送的 C-130H 上的情况平安无事。[**了解更多**](https://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/News/Display/Article/1459951/care-in-the-air-usafsams-flight-nurse-and-aeromedical-evacuation-technician-cou/)。 #### USAFSAM 现场直播 BLAST 来培训领导者 USAFSAM 为 AFMS 中层领导者提供新的基本领导者飞行员技能培训课程，使全体部队具备提供安全、高质量、以患者为中心的护理所需的技能。[**了解更多**](http://www.wpafb.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/1558793/usafsam-brings-blast-live-to-train-leaders/)。 ### 创新 #### 莱特-帕特森医疗中心、美国空军司令部流行病学实验室应对新冠肺炎 (COVID-19) 大流行 随着 2019 年冠状病毒病（即 COVID-19 大流行）带来严重的公共卫生风险，新术语在日常对话中变得很常见。[**了解更多**](https://www.afrl.af.mil/News/Article/2327862/wright-patterson-medical-center-usafsam-epidemiology-lab-combat-covid-19-pandem/)。 #### USAFSAM、88 FSS 率先在国防部使用伤害和人体表现预测设备 USAFSAM 是国防部第一个使用新型动态运动研究所 3D 无生物标记技术来预测伤害发生的研究机构。[**了解更多**](https://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/News/Display/Article/1442675/usafsam-88-fss-first-in-dod-to-use-injury-and-human-performance-prediction-equi/)。 #### 空军支持改进运送创伤性脑损伤患者的方法 美国空军司令部的科学家在新型航空医疗后送担架的测试和评估中发挥着重要作用。[**了解更多**](https://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/News/Display/Article/1011901/air-force-supports-improved-method-for-transporting-traumatic-brain-injury-pati/)。 #### 定向能武器研究是空军医学的新领域 定向能武器的兴起需要了解这些武器的医疗效果，医学研究人员正在研究这些问题。[**了解更多**](https://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/News/Display/Article/1365970/directed-energy-weapons-research-a-new-frontier-for-air-force-medicine/)。 #### 健康评估确保 F-35 机组长适合战斗 确保健康的环境是空军首要关注的问题，这可能意味着飞机飞行或静态展示之间的区别。[**了解更多**](https://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/News/Display/Article/1300595/health-assessments-ensure-f-35-crew-chiefs-are-fit-to-fight/)。 #### USAFSAM 访问 JBER 进行基因组序列测试 来自 USAFSAM 的两名科学家参观了位于阿拉斯加埃尔门多夫-理查森联合基地的第 673 航空航天医学中队公共卫生航班，以进一步测试基因组测序技术。[**了解更多**](https://www.jber.jb.mil/News/Articles/Article/1268755/usafsam-visits-jber-for-genome-sequence-testing/)。 **Enhancing the Air Force Mission** The Air Force Medical Service is a strong operational component of the U.S. Air Force, assisting in the mission to fly, fight, and win every day. AFMS contributes to the greater Air Force mission by supporting day-to-day operations wherever they occur, maintaining a deployment-ready medical force, and by providing high quality, safe health care to Airmen, Guardians and their families. U.S. Air Force capabilities are in high demand, and evolving every day. AFMS will continue to adapt to provide the medical support necessary for mission completion. **Operational Integration** The AFMS is integrated into lifesaving positions, both on and off the battlefield. The AFMS is responsible for extending medical support into operational environments for missions with special performance requirements or operational health issues. To accomplish this, AFMS takes more advanced care technology into the operational environment than ever before. These lifesaving technologies and techniques require the use and coordination of teams with sophisticated capabilities. AFMS keeps these teams current and able to deploy at a moment’s notice. **Stateside Support** The U.S. Air Force conducts operations from military installations within our nation’s borders every day. Missions involving the use of remotely piloted aircraft, intelligence operation centers, nuclear deterrence, and global mobility are carried out on domestic soil. It is vital that AFMS maintain its focus on operational support because of these critical missions. **Advancing Technology and Technique** Over the past fifteen years, AFMS has worked together with the Army, Navy, and Marines to create the Joint Trauma System. During that time, the Joint Trauma System has served service members in combat situations in Iraq, Afghanistan, North Africa, and other areas of the Middle East. Through collaboration, the Joint Trauma System has developed new battlefield trauma practices that are being used to save lives. Many of these advances have been adopted internationally and continue to advance the art and science of trauma medicine around the world. AFMS continues to engage and challenge personnel to innovate and integrate best practices in medical centers into the operational environment in field hospitals, and in aircraft during aeromedical evacuation. * PLATFORMS + [AFMS CAPABILITY: CRITICAL CARE AIR TRANSPORT TEAM](http://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/Platforms/AFMS-Capability-Critical-Care-Air-Transport-Team/) + [STEADY AND READY: C-130 MAINSTAY OF MEDEVAC](http://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/Platforms/Steady-and-ready-C-130-mainstay-of-medevac/) + [C-17 GLOBEMASTER III: AN AIRCRAFT AS VERSATILE AS AE CREWS](http://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/Platforms/C-17-Globemaster-III-An-aircraft-as-versatile-as-AE-crews/) + [USAFSAM AND THE SCHOOL OF AIR EVACUATION](http://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/Platforms/USAFSAM-and-the-School-of-Air-Evacuation/) # AFMS CAPABILITY: CRITICAL CARE AIR TRANSPORT TEAM  **When U.S. service members are critically ill or severely injured, it is the mission of Critical Care Air Transport Teams to get them aboard aircraft and move them thousands of miles while delivering a high level of medical care in flight to return them home for full-time care.** **A CCATT is a highly specialized and uniquely skilled three-person medical team that augments standard aeromedical evacuation crew members, and turns an aircraft into a flying intensive care unit.** * **A physician who specializes in an area of critical care or emergency medicine** * **A critical care nurse** * **A respiratory therapist** **CCATTs supplement standard aeromedical evacuation aircrew when critically ill or injured patients require continuous monitoring, stabilization, or complex care while in-transit to a medical treatment facility - usually to get a higher level of medical care.** **During the Vietnam War, it typically took about a month for wounded troops to reach treatment facilities in the United States. Today, the U.S. Air Force’s CCATT capability allows service members to be transported from the point of injury to a stateside hospital in less than three days.** [**Air Mobility Command**](https://www.amc.af.mil/) **is responsible for the CCATT mission.**  * CCATT members are experienced in the care of critically ill or injured patients with multisystem trauma, head injuries, shock, burns, respiratory failure, multiple organ failure, and other life-threatening complications. * Some of the most common procedures and medications CCATT members administer in-flight include anti-blood clot medications, painkillers, and providing oxygen and ventilation. * The typical patient load for a standard CCATT is up to three critical patients, or up to six stabilized patients. An aircraft in flight is not an ideal environment to deliver care. CCATT crew members learn how to treat patients aboard an aircraft with limited resources and support, far different from a fully staffed and stocked hospital. * CCAT teams adapt to in-flight challenges, such as turbulence, which can dislodge equipment, and changes in temperatures and air pressure, which can affect wounds and bandages. * CCAT teams adjust to space limitations, as teams and patients share space with other passengers or cargo. * CCAT teams are limited to the resources and equipment brought on the mission, and do not have access to support services, such as blood banks and labs they are accustomed to in a treatment facility. * CCAT teams overcome communication challenges, as most military aircraft are loud and have less light, making it more challenging to monitor and talk to patients and crew members. CCATT training begins at the [**711th Human Performance Wing**](https://www.afrl.af.mil/711HPW/), with advanced training at the [**University of Cincinnati Medical Center**](https://www.uchealth.com/education/c-stars/) through the Center for Sustainment of Trauma and Readiness Skills program, which allows members to adapt their critical care skills to these surroundings. “I’m proud to help take care of those who sacrificed while doing their job. It’s a challenge doing this job because not only are we taking care of the sickest patients, but we are doing so in a tight space in the back of a plane with all the vibrations and noises, which makes that care even more difficult.” **– U.S. Air Force Maj. Deann Hoelscher, CCATT physician** A 20-year-old U.S. Army Soldier has sustained serious injuries from a roadside bomb in Afghanistan - 70% of his body is badly burned, and he has lost one of his legs. A U.S. Air Force pararescue team flies him from the point of injury to the nearest forward operating base in Afghanistan for immediate medical care. His journey back to the United States relies on a CCATT, and so does his life. While still in critical condition, a CCATT flies with him to the Afghanistan theater hospital at Bagram Air Base, and roughly 19 hours later he’ll be in a hospital bed at Landstuhl Regional Medical Center in Germany - the nearest treatment center for wounded warriors coming from Afghanistan. The CCATT then prepares him for the transatlantic flight, while overseeing his care until he arrives at the San Antonio Military Medical Center, less than 72 hours after point of injury. “CCATT is critical care in the air, just like the name says. In the back of that plane, the team is trained and outfitted with the skills and equipment to act as an ICU.” **– U.S. Air Force Capt. Jason Frias, CCATT critical care nurse** In an effort to expand the U.S. Air Force’s aeromedical critical care transport capabilities, the concept of CCATT was developed in the early 1990s at the [**59th Medical Wing**](https://www.59mdw.af.mil/), Joint Base San Antonio, Texas, by retired Maj. Gen. P.K. Carlton and retired Col. Chris Farmer. Carlton and Farmer created the first written concept of operations, a table of allowances and a plan of action for formalizing the CCATT program. The 59th initiated the CCATT proof-of-concept in 1994. It also created the CCATT Pilot Unit, which was responsible for making recommendations for training, equipping and use of CCAT teams. By 1995, CCATTs from the 59th Medical Wing and the [**81st Medical Group at Keesler Air Force Base**](https://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/MTF/Keesler/), Mississippi, were deploying in support of overseas contingency operations. Following the completion of a two-year proof-of concept period in 1996, CCATT was formally approved and adopted into the USAF Aeromedical Evacuation System. Since inception, CCATTs have participated in numerous operations: Operation Uphold Democracy, Operation Joint Endeavor, and Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom, to name a few. Recognizing the increased role of CCATTs in aeromedical evacuation missions, the Air Force Surgeon General announced in 2018 that the U.S. Air Force would increase CCATT capabilities to meet warfighter needs. To surge our CCATT capacity, the AFMS has streamlined existing CCATT courses and resources, requiring CCATT candidates to take courses in quick succession. By putting the classes back to back, candidates can focus on practicing the skills they need for the in-flight environment. As the Air Force adjusts its forces to meet unknown future adversaries, CCATT capability is likely to become more and more vital. “CCATT keeps our downrange medical footprint smaller and farther forward. It used to take weeks for a seriously injured patient to get back to the U.S. for care. Now we can have a patient home from Iraq or Afghanistan in 72 hours.” **– U.S. Air Force Lt. Col. Alan Guhlke, the Air Force Surgeon General CCATT consultant, and deputy chief, En Route Care Training Department at the U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine** # STEADY AND READY: C-130 MAINSTAY OF MEDEVAC  **Since the 1960s, the C-130 Hercules has been a workhorse of the U.S. Air Force aeromedical evacuation capability. Today, it remains a reliable platform to move patients over long distances, allowing Airmen and Guardians to provide critical care in the air, aid in disaster relief missions, and bring warfighters home.** **First entering service in 1956, the C-130 is a versatile aircraft, well suited to the aeromedical evacuation mission. Rugged and dependable enough for extensive operations in theater, it is capable of operating from short and unimproved runways. This helps push medical capabilities closer to the front lines. The C-130’s design allows the aircraft to quickly switch from a cargo and personnel transport configuration to an aeromedical evacuation platform for up to 74 litter patients. Outfitted with electrical and oxygen systems for aeromedical evacuation equipment, the C-130’s cabin design helps reduce the negative impact of altitude on patients.** **Currently, the C-130 is used as a tactical, intra-theater aeromedical evacuation platform and is a mainstay of today’s aeromedical evacuation system.** “People don’t realize how many patients can fit onto a C-130. Aeromedical Evacuation crews have to figure out ways to provide patient care in a creative, but safe, manner. It requires a good amount of planning and teamwork.” **– U.S. Air Force Capt. Jessica Meade, U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine** ## CAPABILITIES       “I think that people out there doing the missions, forward deployed, fighting the good fight can do their jobs easier, and their leadership can make decisions with confidence knowing that if something happens, there is aeromedical evacuation to come pick them up and bring them home safely.” **– U.S. Air Force Capt. Aline Putnam 379th Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron flight nurse** ## AEROMEDICAL EVACUATION MISSIONS        # C-17 GLOBEMASTER III: AN AIRCRAFT AS VERSATILE AS AE CREWS  **Larger, faster and flexible – a flying ICU. Since joining the U.S. Air Force fleet in 1993, the C-17 Globemaster III has significantly expanded aeromedical evacuation capabilities.** **In addition to its transport and other numerous mission sets, the C-17 converts to provide aeromedical evacuation to patients in a broad variety of conditions. The aircraft has played critical roles in various contingencies, bringing warfighters to higher levels of care, bringing patients home to the U.S., and aiding in humanitarian efforts to save the lives of those impacted by natural disasters.** **These photos and stories showcase the C-17’s capabilities, and highlight some important missions that use those capabilities.** “The C-17 delivers unrivaled mission and crew support, enabling medics to provide unsurpassed aeromedical evacuation to not only our nation’s wounded warriors, but to transport the critically sick, ill and injured around the globe.” **– U.S. Air Force Maj. Catherine Ortega, 43rd Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron, Pope Field, North Carolina** ## CAPABILITIES      “The C-17 is one of the most highly capable aeromedical evacuation aircraft. It brings the ease, comfort and readiness to our AE fight and mission.” **– U.S. Air Force Capt. Lauren Kalani, 18th Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron Clinical Quality Element** ## PATIENT TRANSPORT         “By enabling rapid evacuation, the tyranny of time and distance is minimized, and with a warm, lit cargo compartment, we can focus solely on the care of our fellow service members.” **– U.S. Air Force Maj. Catherine Ortega, 43rd Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron, Pope Field, North Carolina** ## CONTINGENCY SUPPORT    “Providing support and assistance for those in need is inspiring and rewarding. It shows that having air power doesn’t always have to mean going into combat, but also that we have the capability to deliver relief and comfort to so many people.” **– U.S. Air Force Maj. Steven Radaker, detachment commander, 18th Aeormedical Evacuation Squadron** ## HUMANITARIAN SUPPORT    # USAFSAM AND THE SCHOOL OF AIR EVACUATION **The** [**U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine**](https://www.afrl.af.mil/711HPW/USAFSAM/) **and School of Air Evacuation have been critical readiness platforms, preparing Airmen and Guardians to meet and exceed the needs of our Combatant Commanders and ever-evolving readiness requirements.** **Caring for service members, from difficult and austere environments to higher levels of care, is possible due to the continued advancements in aerospace medicine and the dedication of Airmen and Guardians trained to deliver that care.** **Since the beginning, USAFSAM has been a leading training platform, ensuring a ready medical force, improving en route care capabilities, and revolutionizing battlefield medicine.** **Read about the school's contribution to Air Force Medicine in the following articles.** ## HISTORY * #### “School of Air Evacuation” celebrates 75th anniversary The School of Air Evacuation marked its 75th anniversary at the United States Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, part of the Air Force Research Laboratory’s 711th Human Performance Wing. [**Learn more**](https://www.wpafb.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/1594002/school-of-air-evacuation-celebrates-75th-anniversary/). * #### 100th anniversary of first flight surgeon school On May 8, 1918, U.S. Army Aviation Branch, Col. Theodore Lyster created the first ever course for flight surgeons, at the Medical Research Laboratory, Hazelhurst Field, New York. [**Learn more**](https://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/News/Display/Article/1514942/this-month-in-afms-history-100th-anniversary-of-first-flight-surgeon-school/). * #### The evolution of aeromedical evacuation capabilities help deployed medicine take flight The Air Force’s Aeromedical Evacuation system has been a staple of evacuating and transporting wartime casualties since World War II. [**Learn more**](https://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/News/Display/Article/1466825/the-evolution-of-aeromedical-evacuation-capabilities-help-deployed-medicine-tak/). * #### The “Cadillac of medevac”: The C9A’s lasting mark on the aeromedical evacuation system Making its debut in August of 1968, the C-9A was the U.S. Air Force’s first specially designed aeromedical evacuation aircraft. [**Learn more**](https://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/News/Display/Article/1459865/the-cadillac-of-medevac-the-c9as-lasting-mark-on-the-aeromedical-evacuation-sys/). * #### February 2018 marks 75th anniversary of the first formal graduation of U.S. Air Force flight nurses Seventy-five years ago, on February 18, 1943, the School of Air Evacuation held its first formal flight nurse graduation. [**Learn more**](https://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/News/Display/Article/1434381/this-month-in-afms-history-february-2018-marks-75th-anniversary-of-the-first-fo/). ## TRAINING * #### Air Force medical professionals learn craft in AFRL simulators The U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, one of two mission units in the 711th Human Performance Wing, is now home to a total of eight aircraft simulators with various capabilities, which help prepare medical Airmen for aeromedical evacuation, or AE, missions. [**Learn more**](https://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/News/Display/Article/3026322/air-force-medical-professionals-learn-craft-in-afrl-simulators/). * #### To train medics to save lives, fuselage travels to WPAFB The fuselage of a Boeing 767 was delivered from Wilmington Air Park in Wilmington, Ohio, to the 711th Human Performance Wing’s U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine. [**Learn more**](https://www.afrl.af.mil/News/Article/2521562/to-train-medics-to-save-lives-fuselage-travels-to-wpafb/). * #### USAFSAM continues to train medical students while helping them stay safe The 2019 novel coronavirus, or COVID-19, demonstrated the capacity to spread globally. The Department of the Air Force responded appropriately to protect the health of the force and maintain operational readiness. [**Learn more**](https://www.afrl.af.mil/News/Article/2328989/usafsam-continues-to-train-medical-students-while-helping-them-stay-safe/). * #### Bring Them Home: USAFSAM trains teams to treat, transport COVID-19 patients Medical professionals from the United States Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine trained medics on the use of the Transport Isolation System to move patients affected by COVID-19. [**Learn more**](https://www.afrl.af.mil/News/Article/2329000/bring-them-home-usafsam-trains-teams-to-treat-transport-covid-19-patients/). * #### Air Force ramps up flying ICU teams When the U.S. military needs to transport critically injured patients by air, it calls on Air Force Critical Care Air Transport Teams. The Air Force is increasing CCATT capabilities to meet the needs of the warfighter. [**Learn more**](https://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/News/Display/Article/1506500/air-force-ramps-up-flying-icu-teams/). * #### Care in the air: Teams deliver patient care in challenging environments The back of an aircraft is a challenging place to deliver medical care. For Air Force medical crews, treating patients in the air is just part of the job. [**Learn more**](https://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/News/Display/Article/1479120/care-in-the-air-teams-deliver-patient-care-in-challenging-environments/). * #### Care in the air: USAFSAM’s Flight Nurse and Aeromedical Evacuation Technician Course grounded in reality On Jan 29, 2018, the situation aboard a C-130H, configured for Aeromedical Evacuation, was uneventful. [**Learn more**](https://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/News/Display/Article/1459951/care-in-the-air-usafsams-flight-nurse-and-aeromedical-evacuation-technician-cou/). * #### USAFSAM brings BLAST live to train leaders USAFSAM offers AFMS mid-level leaders a new Basic Leader Airman Skills Training course to empower the total force with the skills needed to provide safe, high-quality, patient-centered care. [**Learn more**](http://www.wpafb.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/1558793/usafsam-brings-blast-live-to-train-leaders/). ## INNOVATION * #### Wright-Patterson Medical Center, USAFSAM Epidemiology Lab combat COVID-19 pandemic With the coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19 pandemic, posing a serious public health risk, new terms have become common in everyday conversations. [**Learn more**](https://www.afrl.af.mil/News/Article/2327862/wright-patterson-medical-center-usafsam-epidemiology-lab-combat-covid-19-pandem/). * #### USAFSAM, 88 FSS first in DOD to use injury and human performance prediction equipment USAFSAM is the first research facility in the DoD to use new Dynamic Athletic Research Institute 3D biomarkerless technology to predict injuries before they happen. [**Learn more**](https://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/News/Display/Article/1442675/usafsam-88-fss-first-in-dod-to-use-injury-and-human-performance-prediction-equi/). * #### Air Force supports improved method for transporting traumatic brain injury patients Scientists with USAFSAM are playing an important part in the testing and evaluation of a novel aeromedical evacuation stretcher. [**Learn more**](https://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/News/Display/Article/1011901/air-force-supports-improved-method-for-transporting-traumatic-brain-injury-pati/). * #### Directed energy weapons research a new frontier for Air Force Medicine The rise of directed energy weapons is creating a need to understand the medical effects of these weapons, and medical researchers are studying these questions. [**Learn more**](https://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/News/Display/Article/1365970/directed-energy-weapons-research-a-new-frontier-for-air-force-medicine/). * #### Health assessments ensure F-35 crew chiefs are fit to fight Ensuring a healthy environment is the first concern for the Air Force and could mean the difference between aircraft flying or static displays. [**Learn more**](https://www.airforcemedicine.af.mil/News/Display/Article/1300595/health-assessments-ensure-f-35-crew-chiefs-are-fit-to-fight/). * #### USAFSAM visits JBER for genome sequence testing Two scientists from USAFSAM visited the 673d Aerospace Medicine Squadron Public Health Flight at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska, to further test genome-sequencing technology. [**Learn more**](https://www.jber.jb.mil/News/Articles/Article/1268755/usafsam-visits-jber-for-genome-sequence-testing/).
nyp366888891
2024年12月5日 10:52
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